Water Resources-Schemes

Water Resources-Schemes

1. Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)
2. Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana
3. Jaljeevan Mission
4. Ice Stupa- Who where.

Atal Bhujal Yojana (Atal Jal)

1. The Atal Bhujal Yojana (ABHY) is a central sector scheme worth Rs.6,000 crore for sustainable management of groundwater with community participation.
   
   • It envisages people's participation through the formation of ‘Water User Associations’, water budgeting, preparation & implementation of Gram-panchayat-wise water security plans, etc.
2. It is being implemented by the Ministry of Jal Shakti (earlier known as Ministry of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation).
3. The scheme is being funded by the Government of India and the World Bank on 50:50 basis.
4. The identified over-exploited and water-stressed areas for the implementation of the scheme are Gujarat, Haryana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
   
   • The States have been selected according to the degree of groundwater exploitation and degradation, established legal and regulatory instruments, institutional readiness, and experience in implementing initiatives related to groundwater management.

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchaee Yojana

Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana (PMKSY) was launched during the year 2015-16 to enhance physical access of water on farm and expand cultivable area under assured irrigation, improve on-farm water use efficiency, introduce sustainable water conservation practices, etc.

1. It is a Centrally Sponsored Scheme (Core Scheme) launched in 2015. Centre- States will be 75:25 per cent. In the case of the north-eastern region and hilly states, it will be 90:10.
2. In 2020, the Ministry of Jal Shakti launched a mobile application for Geo-Tagging of the components of projects under PMKSY.
3. It has three main components namely the AIBP, HKKP and Watershed Development.
   • AIBP was launched in 1996 with the aim of accelerating the implementation of irrigation projects that exceed the resource capabilities of states.
   • HKKP aims to create new water sources through Minor Irrigation. Repair, restoration and renovation of water bodies, strengthening carrying capacity of traditional water sources, construction rain water harvesting structures.
     • It has sub components: Command Area Development (CAD), Surface Minor Irrigation (SMI), Repair, Renovation and Restoration (RRR) of Water Bodies, Ground Water Development.
   • Watershed Development is the effective management of runoff water and improved soil & moisture conservation activities such as ridge area treatment, drainage line 5 treatment, rain water harvesting, in - situ moisture conservation and other allied activities o n watershed basis.

Jal Jeevan Mission:

• Launched in 2019, it envisages supply of 55 litres of water per person per day to every rural household through Functional Household Tap Connections (FHTC) by 2024.
• It is envisioned to provide safe and adequate drinking water through individual household tap connections by 2024 to all households in rural India.
• It is based on a community approach to water and will include extensive Information, Education and communication as a key component of the mission.
• Nodal Ministry: Department of Drinking Water and Sanitation under the Jal Shakti Mantralaya.
• Strategy:
  • This Mission focus on integrated demand and supply side management of water at the local level, including creation of local infrastructure for source sustainability like rainwater harvesting, groundwater recharge and management of household wastewater for reuse in agriculture.
  • The Mission will converge with other Central and State Government Schemes to achieve its objectives of sustainable water supply management across the country.
• Funding Pattern:
  • 50:50 between Centre and States
  • 90:10 for Himalayan and North-Eastern States.
  • In case of UTs, 100% funding is provided by the Central government.

Ice Stupa

Ice stupa is a form of glacier grafting technique that creates artificial glaciers, used for storing winter water (which otherwise would go unused) in the form of conical shaped ice heaps. During summer, when water is scarce, the ice melts to increase water supply for crops. Channelling and freezing water for irrigation has existed for hundreds of years. It was invented, popularised and scaled up by Sonam Wangchuk in Ladakh, India as a piece of art and reform

Drought Prone Area Program (DPAP),

Desert Development Program (DDP),

River Valley Project (RVP),

National Watershed Development Project for Rain-fed Areas (NWDPRA) 

Integrated Wasteland Development Program (IWDP)